Bromus diandrus Roth (syn.: B. gussonei Parl., Anisantha diandra (Roth) Tutin ex Tsvelev, A. gussonei (Parl.) Nevski; incl. B. rigidus Roth, syn.: Anisantha rigida (Roth) Hyl.) (Medit., SW-As.) – A locally naturalised and increasing alien, but mostly confined to coastal areas. Much more rare and probably always ephemeral in inland locations. Apparently first collected around 1906 in Andrimont. Formerly occasionally seen as a wool alien in the valley of river Vesdre near Verviers. Known at least since the 1920’s from coastal dunes (De Panne, Koksijde) and now most widespread in the dunes west of Nieuwpoort (Van Landuyt 2006). Bromus diandrus is most frequently naturalised in dry, sun-exposed, more or less disturbed habitats. It is still a rather regular introduction in imported cereals and often found in port areas (by railway tracks and roadsides, on unloading quays, under conveyors, etc.).
Bromus diandrus and B. rigidus are usually exceedingly difficult to distinguish and surely do not merit specific recognition. They are perhaps mere forms of one variable taxon. Veldkamp (1991) correctly stated that the various shapes and dimensions mentioned in literature are found but that they are not correlated at all, any theoretically possible combination being encountered.
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Bromus diandrus |
Bromus sterilis |
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Selected literature:
Böcker R., Erzberger P. & Scholz H. (1990) Bromus diandrus Roth - Berliner Population. Verhandlungen des Botanischen Vereins von Berlin und Brandenburg 8: 93-96.
Esnault M.-A. & Huon A. (1987) Etudes morphologiques et caryologiques de Bromus rigidus et Bromus diandrus Roth: relations taxonomiques. Bull. Soc. Bot. France Lett. Bot. 134(3): 299-305.
Marley G.A. & Wagner W.L. (1981) Bromus diandrus Roth (Poaceae). Madrono 28(1): 43.
Van Landuyt W. (2006) Bromus diandrus. In: Van Landuyt W., Hoste I., Vanhecke L., Van den Bremt P., Vercruysse W. & De Beer D., Atlas van de Flora van Vlaanderen en het Brussels Gewest. Instituut voor natuur- en bosonderzoek, Nationale Plantentuin van België en Flo.Wer: 195.
Veldkamp J.F. (1991) Bromus (Gramineae) in Malesia. Blumea 35: 483-497.
Wilhalm T. & Pagitz K. (2001) Bromus diandrus Roth in Österreich. Linz. Biol. Beitr. 33(2): 955-965.