Vincetoxicum rossicum (Kleopow) Barbar. (syn.: Antitoxicum rossicum (Kleopow) Pobed., Cynanchum rossicum (Kleopow) Borhidi) (former USSR) – An exceptional alien, recorded only once in Wechelderzande in 1965, without obvious vector of introduction (probably an escape from cultivation; see also Markgraf 1971). Vincetoxicum rossicum behaves like a noxious environmental weed in several parts of the world (see for instance DiTommaso & al. 2005, Kricsfalusy & Miller 2010).
Literature DiTommaso A., Lawlor F.M. & Darbyshire S.J. (2005) The biology of invasive alien plants in Canada. 2. Cynanchum rossicum (Kleopow) Borhidi [= Vincetoxicum rossicum (Kleopow) Barbar.] and Cynanchum louiseae (L.) Kartesz & Gandhi [= Vincetoxicum nigrum (L.) Moench]. Canad. J. Pl. Sci. 85: 243-263. Kricsfalusy V. & Miller G. (2008) Invasion and distribution of Cynanchum rossicum (Asclepiadaceae) in the Toronto region, Canada, with remarks on its taxonomy. Thaiszia 18: 21-36. Kricsfalusy V. & Miller G. (2010) Community ecology and invasion of natural vegetation by Cynanchum rossicum (Asclepiadaceae) in the Toronto region, Canada. Thaiszia 20: 53-70. Lauvanger E.G. & Borgen L. (1998) The identity of Vincetoxicum in Norway. Nordic J. Bot. 18(3): 353-364. Markgraf F. (1971) Beobachtungen an den europäischen Arten der Gattung Vincetoxicum. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 64: 370-376. Sheeley S.E. & Raynal D.J. (1996) The distribution and status of species of Vincetoxicum in eastern North America. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 123(2): 148-156.