Phytolacca L.
Literature: Walter (1909), Ludwig (1957), Nowicke (1968), Herrmann & Herrmann (1976), Clement (1982), Ghosh & Sikdar (1983), Terpo & Balint (1985), King (1989), Clement (1998), Landolt (2001), Dequan & Larsen (2003), Nienaber & Thieret (2003), Lambinon & al. (2004), van der Meijden (2005).
Phytolacca, as currently understood, is a genus of ca. 25 species. Most are native in warm-temperate and (sub-) tropical regions of the Americas and eastern Asia. None are native in Belgium. Several species of Phytolacca are cultivated as ornamentals.
Species delimitation in Phytolacca is controversial. The most recent monographic study of the genus dates back to 1909 (Walter 1909). Especially the Asian representatives – most popular in cultivation – are poorly understood and require further research.
1. Inflorescence erect at maturity. Relatively small plant, usually not exceeding 100 cm. Fruit with (6-)7-8(-9) carpels, (almost) free in fruit. Mature leaves broad, ca. 35 x 19 cm, ovate to ovate-elliptic, abruptly acute at apex === Phytolacca acinosa
1. Inflorescence pendent at maturity. Robust plant, up to 300 cm. Fruit with 10 carpels, basally connate (ca. for about ½ their length). Mature leaves narrower, ca. 30 x 12 cm, lanceolate to elliptic, tapered at apex === Phytolacca americana
Literature
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Caulkins D.B. & Wyatt R. (1990) Variation and taxonomy of Phytolacca americana and P. rigida in the southeastern United States. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 117(4): 357-367.
Clement E.J. (1982) Pokeweeds (Phytolacca ssp.) in Britain. BSBI News 32: 22-23.
Clement E.J. (1998) Phytolacca. In: Rich T.C.G. & Jermy A.C. (eds.), Plant crib: 79. BSBI, London.
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Ghosh R.B. & Sikdar J.K. (1983) A revision of the Indian Phytolaccaceae (sensu lato). J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 4(1): 153-163.
Herrmann M. & Herrmann E. (1976) Phytolacca americana L. als Neophyt in Stadt und Kreisgebiet von Naumburg (Saale). Mitt. Flor. Kart. Halle 2(2): 57-60.
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Ludwig W. (1957) Über Verwechslungen von Phytolacca acinosa mit Phytolacca americana. Hess. Flor. Briefe 6: 281-282.
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Nowicke J.W. (1968) Palynotaxonomic study of the Phytolaccaceae. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 55 : 294-364.
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Terpo A. & Balint K.E. (1985) A `karmazsinbogyo' (Phytolacca) fajok kiwadulasa es a Ph. americana meghonosodasa Magyarorszagon. Bot. Közlem. 72(1-2): 127-139.
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Walter H. (1909) Phytolaccaceae. In: Engler A. (ed.), Das Pflanzenreich 39. Engelmann, Leipzig: 1-154.