Matthiola R Brown
Matthiola is a genus of ca. 50 species. Most are native in the Mediterranean area and Macaronesia, some also in Western Europe but none in Belgium. Several species are cultivated as ornamentals in Europe (see Akeroyd 1995) but only few are more or less widespread in cultivation. Two of the most frequently grown species have been recorded as escapes in Belgium.
- Plant usually perennial, woody at base. Fruit 3-6 mm wide, flattened, without conspicuous stigmatic horns at apex. Cauline leaves entire, rarely sinuate. Pedicels in fruit at least 5 mm long. Petals 7-15 mm wide === Matthiola incana
- Plant always annual, never woody at base. Fruit 1-2 mm wide, terete, with 2 conspicuous stigmatic horns at apex. Cauline leaves dentate to pinnatifid, rarely nearly entire. Pedicel in fruit ca. 1-2 mm long. Petals 2-5 mm wide === M. longipetala subsp. bicornis
References
Akeroyd J.R. (1995) Matthiola. In: Cullen J. & al. (eds.), The European Garden Flora, vol. 4. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 138-139.
Ball P.W. (1993) Matthiola. In: Tutin T.G. & al. (eds.), Flora Europaea, vol. 1. (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 340-341.
Conti P. (1900) Les espèces du genre Matthiola. Mém. Herb. Boiss. 1(18): 1-86.
Fan C. (2001) Molecular systematics of the Brassicaceae: evidence from coding plastidic matK and nuclear Chs sequences. Amer. J. Bot. 88: 534-544.
Jäger E.J., Ebel F., Hanelt P. & Müller G. (eds.) (2008) Rothmaler Band 5. Exkursionsflora von Deutschland. Krautige Zier- und Nutzpflanzen. Springer Verlag, Berlin: 880 p.
Stace C. (2010) New flora of the British Isles, 3th ed.: XXXII + 1232 p. Cambridge University
Press.