Trifolium suffocatum L. (W and S Eur., N Afr., SW As. and Macaronesia) – An exceptional alien, possibly very locally more or less established. A small population was discovered in 2015 on bare sand in a camping site in De Panne. In this locality it was obviously introduced unintentionally by tourists, along with numerous other Mediterranean weeds like Medicago litoralis, M. polymorpha, M. truncatula, Polycarpon tetraphyllum, Rostraria cristata and Trifolium tomentosum (Verloove 2016). In identical circumstances Trifolium suffocatum was also found in 2001 in Calais in northwestern France (Toussaint & al. 2008).
Selected literature:
Muñoz Rodríguez A.F. (1995) Trifolium sect. Paramesus y sect. Trifolastrium en la Península Ibérica. Studia Botanica 14: 47-102. [available online at: http://rabida.uhu.es/dspace/handle/10272/7391]
Toussaint B., Mercier D., Bedouet F., Hendoux F. & Duhamel F. (2008) Flore de la Flandre française. C.B.N.B.B.L., Bailleul : 556 p.
Verloove F. (2006) Les campings du littoral belge: un lieu de prédilection inattendu pour l’introduction de plantes exotiques. Natura Mosana 69(1-2) (in press).