Dichanthelium (Hitchc. et Chase) Gould
(syn: Panicum subgenus Dichanthelium Hitchc. et Chase)
Dichanthelium is a New World genus of ca. 60 species, essentially native in North America but furthermore represented in Central and South America. None is native in Belgium.
Members of Dichanthelium – formerly included as a subgenus in Panicum – are characterized by their perennial habit, basal leaves usually distinctly different from those of the culm, forming a winter rosette. Furthermore by spikelets of the primary panicle not perfecting seed and small secondary panicles with cleistogamous, fruitful spikelets. Gould (1974) was the first to raise Dichanthelium to generic level and molecular studies support exclusion of Dichanthelium from Panicum (Aliscioni & al. 2003).
A single species, Dichanthelium clandestinum, has been recorded as an alien in Belgium.
Literature:
Aliscioni S.S., Giussani L.M., Zuloaga F.O. & Kellogg E.A. (2003) A molecular phylogeny of Panicum (Poaceae: Paniceae): tests of monophyly and phylogenetic placement within the Panicoideae. Amer. J. Bot. 90: 796-821. [available online at: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Liliana_Giussani/publication/512066...
Brown W.V. & Smith B.N. (1975) The genus Dichanthelium (Gramineae). Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 102(1): 10-13.
Freckman R.W. & Lelong M.G. (2002) Nomenclatural changes and innovations in Panicum and Dichanthelium (Poaceae: Paniceae). Sida, Contrib. Bot. 20(1): 161-174. [available online at: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/162395#/summary]
Freckmann R.W. & Lelong M.G. (2003) Dichanthelium. In: Barkworth M.E. & al. (eds.), Flora of North America north of Mexico, vol. 25: 406-450. Oxford University Press, New York-Oxford.
Gould F.W. (1974) Nomenclatural changes in Dichanthelium (Poaceae). Phytologia 39: 268-271. [available online at: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47392#page/282/mode/1up]
Gould F.W. (1980) The Mexican species of Dichanthelium (Poaceae). Brittonia 32(3): 353-364.
Gould F.W. & Clark C.A. (1979) Dichanthelium (Poaceae) in the United States and Canada. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 65(4): 1088-1132.
Hansen B.F. & Wunderlin R.P. (1988) Synopsis of Dichanthelium (Poaceae) in Florida. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75(4): 1637-1657. [available online at: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/35879#/summary]
Morrone O. & Zuloaga F. (1991) Estudios morfológicos en el subgénero. Dichanthelium de Panicum (Poaceae : Panicoidae : Paniceae), con especial referencia a Panicum sabulorum. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 78(4): 915-927. [available online at: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/35620#/summary]
Stephenson S.N. (1984) The genus Dichanthelium (Poaceae) in Michigan. Mich. Bot. 23(3): 107-119.
Wipff J.K. (2003) Nomenclatural combinations in North American Panicum subgenus Dichanthelium and subgenus Agrostoides (Poaceae: Paniceae). Sida, Contrib. Bot. 20(3): 1043-1046. [available online at: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Joseph_Wipff_Iii/publication/286912...
Zuloaga F.O., Ellis R.P. & Morrone O. (1993) A revision of Panicum subg. Dichanthelium sect. Dichanthelium (Poaceae : Panicoideae : Paniceae) in Mesoamerica, the West Indies, and South America. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 80(1): 119-190. [available online at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273074814_A_Revision_of_Panicum...
Zuloaga F. & Morrone O. (1991) New species of Panicum subgenus Dichanthelium (Poaceae : Paniceae) from South America. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 78(1): 152-163. [available online at: http://biostor.org/reference/12837/page/1]
Zuloaga F. & Morrone O. (1991) Novelties in Panicum subg. Dichanthelium sect. Dichanthelium (Poaceae : Panicoideae : Paniceae). Novon 1(3): 111-118. [available online at: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/32022#/summary]