1. Dittrichia graveolens (L.) Greuter (syn.: Inula graveolens (L.) Desf., Erigeron graveolens L.) (Medit.) – A rare but recently increasing, locally naturalized alien. First recorded as an ephemeral wool alien in the Vesdre valley near Verviers in 1895 and subsequently regularly recorded near Verviers until 1947. Discovered in 1989 in a clay pit in Ploegsteert and in 1996 on sandy bare soil in the port of Antwerpen but these populations were possibly ephemeral. Dittrichia graveolens is much less rare in parts of Wallonia: from 1994 onwards it was increasingly recorded in the province of Hainaut, at first in gravel pits around Tournai (Queyrel 1994), later also in the former coal mining area near Hornu, Harchies, Hautrage,… (Duvigneaud & Saintenoy-Simon 1999). Recently further recorded in Saint Ghislain (railway yard; Saintenoy-Simon 1999), near Mons, Charleroi (gravel pits), La Louvière … and in 2011 also seen further north (quarries near Soignies and Ecaussines). At present no longer rare in suitable habitats between Tournai and Charleroi, usually in bare, stony, temporarily wet locations: coalmine heaps, disused railway yards, levelled soils, old gravel pits,… Dittrichia graveolens is much more rare in Flanders and the number of stable populations seems to be restricted. It is known since 2000 from bare, damp soil near a coal terminal in the port of Gent (Verloove 2002, 2006) but may have considerably decreased in the past years. In 2006 numerous plants were seen in and near a demolition site of a former cokes plant in the port of Zeebrugge (confirmed in 2013). In 2009 also discovered in abundance on a former coal terminal at the Albertkanaal in Beringen. In 2014 a large population was seen in the Waaslandhaven as well (railway yard).
In most neighbouring countries also increasingly recorded along motorways (central reservation) and possibly overlooked in such habitats in Belgium (see for instance Nowack 1993).
Old Belgian records of Conyza lechleri (Schultz-Bip.) Cabrera (see for instance Lambinon & al. 2004) all proved to be in error for Dittrichia graveolens (Verloove & Lambinon 2008).
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Selected literature:
Atha D., Wang Z., Barron C. & Liljengren H. (2019) Dittrichia graveolens (Asteraceae) naturalized and invasive in New York state. Phytoneuron 2019-5: 1–4. [available online at: http://www.phytoneuron.net/2019Phytoneuron/04PhytoN-DittrichiaNY.pdf]
Benito Alonso J.L. (2016) Expansión de Dittrichia graveolens (L.) Greuter (Asteraceae) por las carreteras del pirineo y su relación con el uso de glifosato. Fl. Montiberica 64: 29-37. [available online at: http://www.floramontiberica.org/entrada.htm]
Dettmar J. (1991) Vorkommen und Gesellschaftsanschluß von Chenopodium botrys L. und Inula graveolens (L.) Desf. im Ruhrgebiet (Westdeutschland) sowie im regionalen Vergleich. Tuexenia 11: 49-65.
Diewald W. (2007a) Derzeitige Verbreitung von Dittrichia graveolens in Niederbayern. Hoppea 68: 336-338.
Diewald W. (2007b) Dittrichia graveolens im Raum Regensburg. Hoppea 68: 338-340.
Duvigneaud J. & Saintenoy-Simon J. (1999) L’extension de Dittrichia graveolens en Belgique et dans la Région Nord – Pas-de-Calais. Adoxa 22: 7-10.
Grašič M., Anžlovar S. & Strgulc Krajšek S. (2016) Germination rate of stinkwort (Dittrichia graveolens) and false yellowhead (D. viscosa) in relation to salinity. Acta Biologica Slovenica 59(1): 5-11. [available online at: http://bijh-s.zrc-sazu.si/ABS/SI/ABS/Cont/59_1/6_grasic%20et%20al._ABS_1...
Király G., Elias P. & Dítě D. (2014) Two thermophilic alien species new to the flora of Slovakia. Thaiszia 24(2): 125-134. [available online at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267895132_Two_thermophilic_alien_species_new_to_the_flora_of_Slovakia]
Kocián P. (2015) Dittrichia graveolens (L.) Greuter – a new alien species in Poland. Acta Mus. Siles. Sci. Natur. 64: 193-197. [available online at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/293110004_Dittrichia_graveolens...
Lambinon J., Delvosalle L., Duvigneaud J. (avec coll. Geerinck D., Lebeau J., Schumacker R. & Vannerom H. (2004) Nouvelle Flore de la Belgique, du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, du Nord de la France et des Régions voisines (Ptéridophytes et Spermatophytes). Cinquième édition. Jardin botanique national de Belgique, Meise: CXXX + 1167 p.
Muhr R. (2006) Der Klebalant (Dittrichia graveolens) in München. Ber. Bay. Bot. Ges. 76: 268-269.
Nowack R. (1993) Massenvorkommen von Dittrichia graveolens (L.) Greut. (Klebriger Alant) an Autobahnen in Süddeutschland. Flor. Rundbr. 27(1): 38-40.
Queyrel A.-M. (1994) Nouvelles observations dans les sites carriers du Tournaisis. Adoxa 3: 10.
Radkowitsch A. (1996) Der Klebrige Alant - Dittrichia graveolens (L.) Desf. - aktueller Stand der Ausbreitung in Bayern. Hoppea 57: 473-482.
Saintenoy-Simon J. (1999) Les excursions de l’A.E.F. en 1999. Adoxa 24-25: 19-39.
Seybold S. (1994) Die aktuelle Verbreitung des Klebrigen Alants (Dittrichia graveolens) in Baden-Wurttemberg. Flor. Rundbr. 28(1): 25-28.
Stolwijk P.F. (1996) Kamferalant (Dittrichia graveolens (L.) W. Greuter) in Nederland. Gorteria 21: 210-212.
Verloove F. (2002) Ingeburgerde plantensoorten in Vlaanderen. Mededeling van het Instituut voor Natuurbehoud n° 20: 227 p.
Verloove F. (2006) Dittrichia graveolens. In: Van Landuyt W., Hoste I., Vanhecke L., Van den Bremt P., Vercruysse W. & De Beer D., Atlas van de flora van Vlaanderen en het Brussels gewest. Instituut voor Natuur- en Bosonderzoek, Nationale Plantentuin van België en Flo.Wer: 345-346.
Verloove F. (2006) Dittrichia viscosa. In: Van Landuyt W., Hoste I., Vanhecke L., Van den Bremt P., Vercruysse W. & De Beer D., Atlas van de flora van Vlaanderen en het Brussels gewest. Instituut voor Natuur- en Bosonderzoek, Nationale Plantentuin van België en Flo.Wer: 346.
Verloove F. & Lambinon J. (2008) Neophytes in Belgium: corrections and adjustments. Syst. Geogr. Pl. 78: 63-79.