Lomelosia Raf. (incl. Pycnocomon Hoffmans. & Link)
Lomelosia is an Old World genus with ca. 50 species. It is distributed from the Mediterranean region to Central Asia. It was included in Scabiosa L. for quite a long time (e.g. Jasiewicz 1976) but molecular data demonstrated that Lomelosia (and Pycnocomon) form a clade distinct from Scabiosa (and Sixalix) (De Castro & Caputo 1997-1998, Caputo & al. 2004, Avino & al. 2009, Carlson & al. 2009). The genus accommodates all scabious taxa with a pitted epicalyx.
Several species of Lomelosia are grown as ornamentals in Europe. Jäger & al. (2008; sub Scabiosa) cites L. caucasica (M. Bieb.) Greuter & Burdet, L. graminifolia (L.) Greuter & Burdet, L. prolifera (L.) Greuter & Burdet and L. stellata (L.) Raf. Matthews (2000; also sub Scabiosa) even cites 12 additional species that are cultivated in European gardens. One of these, L. stellata, has been recorded as a casual escape in Belgium
References
Avino M., Tortoriello G. & Caputo P. (2009) A phylogenetic analysis of Dipsacaceae (Dipsacales) based on four DNA regions. Pl. Syst. Evol. 279: 69-86. [available online at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225541278_A_phylogenetic_analys...
Caputo P., Cozzolino S. & Moretti A. (2004) Molecular phylogenetics of Dipsacaceae reveals parallel trends in seed dispersal syndromes. Plant Syst. Evol. 246: 163-175. [available online at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225419341_Molecular_phylogeneti...
Caputo P. & Del Guacho E. (2011) Transfer of Four Species of Scabiosa to Lomelosia (Dipsacaceae). Novon 21(4): 402-404.
Carlson S.E., Mayer V. & Donoghue M.J. (2009) Phylogenetic relationships, taxonomy, and morphological evolution in Dipsacaceae (Dipsacales) inferred by DNA sequence data. Taxon 58(4): 1075-1091. [available online at: http://donoghuelab.yale.edu/sites/alienplantsbelgium.bedefault/files/184...
De Castro O. & Caputo P. (1997-1998) A molecular reappraisal of Scabiosa L. and allied genera (Dipsacaceae). Delpinoa 39-40: 99-108. [available online at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235613878_A_molecular_reapprais...
De Castro O. & Caputo P. 1999 [2001] A phylogenetic analysis of genus Lomelosia Rafin. (Dipsacaceae) and allied taxa. Delpinoa 41: 29-45. [available online at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235613936_A_phylogenetic_analys...
Jäger E.J., Ebel F., Hanelt P. & Müller G. (eds.) (2008) Rothmaler Band 5. Exkursionsflora von Deutschland. Krautige Zier- und Nutzpflanzen. Springer Verlag, Berlin: 880 p.
Jasiewicz A. (1976) Scabiosa. In: Tutin T.G. & al. (eds.), Flora Europaea, vol. 4. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 68-74.
Matthews V.A. (2000) Scabiosa. In: Cullen J. & al. (eds.), The European Garden Flora, vol. 6. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 460-465.