Pimpinella L.
Pimpinella is a genus of ca. 150-200 Eurasian and African species. Two species are locally rather common native species in Belgium: Pimpinella major (L.) Huds. and P. saxifraga L. (Lambinon & Verloove 2012).
In its traditional circumscription Pimpinella is resolved as non-monophyletic (Wang & al. 2014, Fernández Prieto & al. 2018).
1 Ovary and fruit hairy. Annuals or biennials === 2
Ovary and fruit glabrous. Perennials (native) === Pimpinella major and P. saxifraga
2 Annual. Rays subequal, 2-15. Fruit ca. 3-5 mm long, with short, appressed hairs. Young inflorescences erect === Pimpinella anisum
Biennial. Rays very unequal, usually more than 15 (up to 50). Fruit ca. 2 mm long, with long patent hairs. Young inflorescences nodding === P. peregrina
Literature:
Fernández Prieto J.A., Sanna M., Bueno Sánchez Á., Molero-Mesa J., Llorens García L. & Cires E. (2018) Polyphyletic origin in Pimpinella (Apiaceae): evidence in Western Europe. J. Plant Res. 31(5): 747-758.
Hunkeler C. & Favarger C. (1967) Contribution à la cytotaxinomie du genre Pimpinella. Bull. Soc. Neuchâteloise Sci. Nat. 90: 219-239.
Lambinon J. & Verloove F. (avec coll. Delvosalle L., Toussaint B., Geerinck D., Hoste I., Van Rossum F., Cornier B., Schumacker R., Vanderpoorten A. & Vannerom H.) (2012) Nouvelle Flore de la Belgique, du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, du Nord de la France et des Régions voisines (Ptéridophytes et Spermatophytes). Sixième édition. Jardin botanique national de Belgique, Meise: CXXXIX + 1195 p.
Magee A.R., van Wyk B.-E., Tilney P.M. & Downie S.R. (2010) Phylogenetic position of African and Malagasy Pimpinella species and related genera (Apiaceae, Pimpinelleae). Plant Syst. Evol. 288: 201-211. [available online at: http://www.life.illinois.edu/downie/Pimpinella.pdf]
Pu F.D. & Watson M.F. (2005) Pimpinella. In: Sheh M.L. & al. (eds.), Flora of China, vol. 14. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, Missouri.: 93-104. [available online at: http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/PDF/PDF14/Pimpinella.pdf]
Reduron J.P. (2007-2008) Ombellifères de France. Monographie des Ombellifères (Apiaceae) et plantes alliées, indigène, naturalisées, subspontanées, adventices et cultivées de la flore française. Tome 1-5. Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest. N.S. Numéro spécial 26-30: 1-3004.
Tutin T.G. (1968) Pimpinella. In: Tutin T.G. & al. (eds.), Flora Europaea, vol. 2. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 331-333.
Wang Z-X., Downie S.R., Tan J-B., Liao C-Y., Yu Y. & He X-J. (2014) Molecular phylogenetics of Pimpinella and allied genera (Apiaceae), with emphasis on Chinese native species, inferred from nrDNA ITS and cpDNA intron sequence data. Nord. J. Bot. (in press).