12. Solanum sarachoides Sendtn. (S-Am.) – A very rare, usually ephemeral alien. Between 1891 and 1897 regularly recorded as a wool alien in the Vesdre valley. In the past decades suddenly increasing, especially on dumps around Antwerpen (Wilrijk) and in port areas. Known at least since 1993 from sandy waste land at the Ghent Grain Terminal in the port of Gent (Rodenhuizedok), along with Solanum physalifolium. Now locally naturalised and spreading along roadverges. Solanum sarachoides is usually found in sandy, sun-exposed, ruderal habitats.
Formerly much confused with Solanum physalifolium in Belgium but much rarer (Robbrecht & Lambinon 1987).
A hybrid with Solanum nigrum is often formed when both species grow together (S. xprocurrens Leslie) (Leslie 1978, Edmonds 1981, Grenfell 1983; sometimes wrongly considered to be a hybrid of S. nigrum and S. physalifolium, see for instance Sell & Murrell 2009). It has not yet been formally recognised in Belgium so far.
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Selected literature:
Edmonds J.M. (1981) The artificial synthesis of Solanum x procurrens Leslie (S. nigrum L. x S. sarrachoides Sendtn.) Watsonia 13: 203-207.
Edmonds J.M. (1986) Biosystematics of Solanum sarrachoides Sendtner and S. physalifolium Rusby (S. nitidibaccatum Bitter). Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 92: 1-38.
Grenfell A.L. (1983) Aliens and adventives. Adventive News 26. More on Solanaceae in Britain. BSBI News 35: 12-14.
Haeupler H. (1975) Solanum nitidibaccatum Bitter und Solanum sarachoides Sendtner em. Bitter, zwei gut unterscheidbare Nachtschattenarten aus der Sektion Solanum (= Maurella). Gött. Flor. Rundbr. 8: 98-105.
Lang W. (1975) Der saracho-Nachtschatten (Solanum sarachoides Sendtner em. Bitter), eine weitere sudamerikanische Art, neu fur die Pfalz. Mitt. Pollichia 136: 45-48.
Leslie A.C. (1978) The occurrence of Solanum nigrum x Solanum sarrachoides sexual hybrid in Britain. Watsonia 12: 29-32.
Robbrecht E. & Lambinon J. (1987) Deux adventices souvent confondues, Solanum sacharoides Sendtner et S. nitidibaccatum Bitter, en Belgique. Dumortiera 37: 6-8.
Sell P. & Murrell G. (2009) Flora of Great Britain and Ireland. Vol. 3 Mimosaceae – Lentibulariaceae. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: XXVIII + 595 p.
Verloove F. & Vandenberghe C. (1994) Nieuwe en interessante graan- en veevoederadventieven voor de Belgische en Noordfranse flora, hoofdzakelijk in 1993. Dumortiera 58-59: 44-59.