Loasaceae
Loasaceae
Loasaceae counts about 18 genera and 300 species, most of them native to America (Mabberley 2008). The family belongs to the Cornales order (APG IV 2016). Species from two genera have been recorded as ephemeral aliens in Belgium: Blumenbachia Schrader and Mentzelia L., only the former in recent times.
A few species are cultivated as ornamentals in Europe (e.g. Matthews 1997, Jäger & al. 2008), which may partially explain their occurrences in the wild in Belgium.
Further useful information on the Loasaceae family is provided by “Nasa and its allies - The Loasaceae page” at: http://www2.biologie.fu-berlin.de/sysbot/weigend/ and http://www.nybg.org/bsci/res/loas/. These contain a lot of supplementary references, illustrations, descriptions, etc.
Additional alien: Mentzelia albicaulis (Dougl. ex Hook.) Dougl. ex Hook. (N-Am., seed alien).
Literature:
APG IV (2016) An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. [available online at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/boj.12385/full]
Hufford L., McMahon M.M., O'Quinn R. & Poston M.E. (2005) A phylogenetic analysis of Loasaceae subfamily Loasoideae based on plastid DNA sequences. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 166: 289-300. [available online at: http://cals.arizona.edu/~mcmahonm/pdfs/HuffordEtAl2005IJPS.pdf]
Hufford L., McMahon M.M., Sherwood A.M., Reeves G. & Chase M.W. (2003) The major clades of Loasaceae: phylogenetic analysis using the plastid matK and trnL-trnF regions. Am. J. Bot. 90(8): 1215-1228. [available online at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21659222]
Jäger E.J., Ebel F., Hanelt P. & Müller G. (eds.) (2008) Rothmaler Band 5. Exkursionsflora von Deutschland. Krautige Zier- und Nutzpflanzen. Springer Verlag, Berlin: 880 p.
Mabberley D.J. (2008) Mabberley’s plant-book (3th ed.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: XVIII + 1021 p.
Matthews V.A. (1997) Loasaceae. In: Cullen J. & al. (eds.), The European Garden Flora, vol. 5. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 274-276.
Urban J. (1900) Monographia Loasacearum. Nova Acta Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Germanicae Naturae Curiosorum 76.
Weigend M. (1997) Loasoideae in Eastern South America and on Hispaniola: Names, Types and a Key. Sendtnera 4: 202-220. [available online at: http://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Sendtnera_4_0207-0220.pdf]
Weigend M., Kufer J. & Mueller A.A. (2000) Phytochemistry and the systematics and Ecology of Loasaceae & Gronoviaceae (Loasales). Am. J. Bot. 87(8): 1202-1210. [available online at: http://www.amjbot.org/content/87/8/1202.full.pdf]